A flow chart is a diagram used to represent a process or algorithm. It uses symbols like ovals, rectangles, diamonds, and arrows to visually show the sequence of steps in a process. Flow charts are particularly useful in programming to visualize the logic of an algorithm before it is implemented in code. They provide a clear and simple method of representing complex procedures, helping to break down tasks into smaller, manageable steps.
Rules for Designing a Flow Chart:
1. Start and End Points: Every flow chart must begin with a start symbol (oval) and end with an end symbol (oval). These denote the starting and ending points of the process.
2. Process Steps: Each step or action in the process should be represented by a rectangle. This is where the operation or instruction is carried out.
3. Decision Points: If the process involves a decision (e.g., yes/no, true/false), this is represented by a diamond. It shows a branching point where different actions are taken based on the outcome of the decision.
4. Flow of Control: Arrows must be used to show the direction in which the process flows from one step to the next.
5. Clarity: The flow chart should be easy to follow, with steps clearly labeled. Avoid overcrowding the chart with unnecessary details. Each step should be simple and easy to understand.
6. Readability: Ensure that the flow chart is neat, with arrows clearly showing the sequence, and there should be no confusion about the flow of operations.
Merits of Flow Charts:
1. Clarity and Simplicity: Flow charts provide a visual representation of the process, making it easier to understand the flow of operations at a glance.
2. Effective Communication: Flow charts are useful tools for explaining complex algorithms or procedures to others, especially non-programmers, because of their visual format.
3. Problem Solving and Debugging: By laying out the entire process, it becomes easier to identify errors or inefficiencies in the process flow.
4. Documentation: They can serve as helpful documentation, offering a clear guide to how a system or process operates.
Demerits of Flow Charts:
1. Complexity for Large Systems: For very large or complex processes, flow charts can become unwieldy, with too many symbols and connections, which can make them hard to read and understand.
2. Static Nature: Flow charts are not easily adaptable for dynamic processes that change frequently. Any modification in the process requires updating the flow chart.
3. Time-Consuming: Creating a detailed and accurate flow chart, especially for complex processes, can be time-consuming. Simple processes may not justify the effort of designing a flow chart.
4. Limited in Expressing Data: Flow charts mainly represent control flow and sequence of actions. They are not well-suited for expressing large amounts of data or handling complex calculations.
By keeping these rules and considerations in mind, you can create effective and efficient flow charts that enhance understanding and clarity in problem-solving.